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Omega 3, 6 and 9 Fatty Acids
There are three types of fat: saturated; monounsaturated (olive oil,
for example); and, even more healthy, polyunsaturated. Polyunsaturates
- of which sunflower oil, for example, is a good source - consists of
two classes of essential fatty acids (EFAs): omega-3 and omega-6.
Omega-3 and omega -6 fatty acids are "good fats" that are considered
essential components of our nutrition with specific benefits not found
in other types of fat in maintaining optimum health and helping prevent
many types of chronic disease. These acids are essential but cannot be
manufactured by the body, for this reason, omega-3 and Omega -6 fatty
acids must be obtained from food.
The studies on the effects of fat-restricted diet on rats in 1930s
led scientists to the discovery of omega-3 and -6 fatty acids, the
essential fatty acids (EFAs). EFAs belong to the class of fatty acids
called polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). These are essential fatty
acids because our body requires them but cannot produce them and must
be obtained from food. The studies showed that the restriction of fat
in rats' diet led to growth retardation, scaly skin, kidney infection
and damage, excessive water consumption and reproductive system
disorders. And when fats were restored in the diet, these conditions
resolved.
There are three major types of omega 3 fatty acids consumed in our
food and used by our body and they are not all equal: alpha-linolenic
acid (ALA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid
(DHA). The long-chain omega-3s, EPA and DHA are found mostly in oily
fish. They have anti-inflammatory properties - good for joints and
aches - and the overwhelming evidence is that they help reduce the risk
of heart disease. Our body converts ALA to EPA and DHA, the two types
of omega-3 fatty acids more readily used by the body.
Omega-3 fatty acids can be found in fish, such as tuna, salmon and
halibut, in other marine life such as krill and algae and nut oils.
Omega-3 fatty acids are generally necessary for brain development,
growth and function. These essential fatty acids are highly
concentrated in the brain and appear to be particularly important for
cognitive (brain memory and performance) and behavioral function. Many
studies indicate that omega-3 fatty acids reduce inflammation and
prevent risk factors associated with chronic diseases such as heart
disease, cancer, and arthritis. The American Heart Association
recommends eating fatty fish such as tuna, salmon, sardines, mackerel,
lake trout and herring at least 2 times a week. It is advised that
pregnant women and women who might become pregnant, nursing mothers and
mothers of young children, consult their doctor before eating fish to
avoid harm to fetus. They should consider taking omega -3 dietary
supplements from reputed manufacturers that are certified to be
mercury-free by a qualified third-party lab.
Omega-6 fatty acids include linoleic acid (LA) and its derivatives.
Most omega-6 fatty acids are obtained from vegetable oils nuts and flax
seeds as linoleic acid. Linoleic acid is converted to gamma-linolenic
acid (GLA) in the body. Our body then breaks it further down to
arachidonic acid (AA). Arachidonic acid can also be obtained directly
from lean meats, organ meats, and breast milk and GLA can be obtained
from several plant-based oils such as borage oil, black currant seed
oil and evening primrose oil (EPO) and unprocessed, unheated vegetable
oils such as cottonseed, sunflower seed, sesame, corn, , safflower and
soy oils. These essential fatty acids have many of the same benefits as
Omega 3 fatty acids, but they are not as widely encouraged as those
from fish sources. Most people receive sufficient amounts of omega-6
fatty acids in their diet. Omega -6 deficiencies are considered rare
and limited to people with extremely low fat diet or those with severe
malabsorption or short bowel syndrome.
Americans tend to consume 14 - 25 times more omega-6 fatty acids
than omega-3 fatty acids contributing to the inflammatory disorders in
their body. A healthy diet should consist of roughly 2 - 4 times more
omega-6 fatty acids than omega-3 fatty acids. Maintaining a proper
balance of omega-3 and omega-6 in the diet is very essential, as these
two acids work in concert to promote health. Omega-3 fatty acids help
reduce inflammation, and most omega-6 fatty acids tend to promote
inflammation. It is now generally recommended that optimum maintenance
of health as well as disease prevention benefits can be obtained with a
daily intake of a minimum of 1.0g of EPA/DHA and that ALA should be
minimum of 3 g/day whereas the average American diet contains only 0.1
to 0.2 g/day of EPA/DHA and 1.4g/day of ALA, a chronically omega -3
deficient diet.
On the other hand, the Mediterraneans maintain healthy balance
between omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids, and many studies have shown
that this diet is less likely to develop heart disease. Mediterraneans
diet also contains another fatty acid called omega-9 fatty acids which
have been reported to help lower risks of cancer and heart diseases.
The Mediterranean diet is light in meat - meat is high in omega-6 fatty
acids and stresses omega-3 fatty acids-rich food that includes whole
grains, fresh fruits and vegetables, fish, olive oil, garlic, and
moderate amount of wine.
Like omega 3 and 6 fatty acids, omega 9 fatty acids have a large
role to play in our health but these acids aren't linked as much with
health benefits, but still, they should be a part of a healthy diet.
Omega 9 fatty acids are found in animal fat and vegetable oils.
Fish oil is the best source of omega 3, 6 and 9 fatty acids in your
diet. Other sources are flax seeds and animal fats. Fish oil
supplements are a great way to get the right levels and balance of
Omega 3, 6, and 9 in your diet. These pills are easy to take, easy to
digest and simple to remember. At Vivadrugstore and DrugNatural we
carry a large variety of fish oil supplements containing Omega 3, Omega
6 and Omega 9 from a number of reputed US manufacturers.
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DHAN Medical, Inc.
1148 E Campbell Ave.
Campbell, CA 95008
800/656-9500